11 September 2026, Volume 37 Issue 5

    

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  Study on the difference of serum vitamin A status between single and twin pregnancies

  XIA Yuwen,WANG Yuanyuan, WEI Yuan, WANG Xiaoli

  Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health. 2026, 37(5): 407-414.

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  Objective To explore the differences in serum vitamin A status between singleton and twin pregnancies. Methods This study was based on the "Correlation between Serum Vitamin A, E and Preeclampsia during Pregnancy" research by the Development Center for Medical Science & Technology, National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China. Pregnant women with complete information on basic conditions, number of embryos, and serum vitamin A (Retinol) concentration were included. The basic characteristics of singleton and twin pregnancies were compared. The distribution of Vitamin A deficiency, marginal deficiency, and adequacy among pregnant women with different characteristics was described, and chi-square tests were used to compare differences in vitamin A status among groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between twin pregnancy and vitamin A deficiency. Quantile regression was used to explore the effects of vitamin A-containing nutrient supplements during pregnancy and pregnancy type on serum vitamin A levels. Results A total of 469,827 pregnant women were included in the study, including 467,859 singleton pregnancies and 1,968 twin pregnancies. The rates of vitamin A deficiency in singleton pregnancies during the first, second, and third trimesters were 1.0%, 0.9%, and 1.5%, respectively, while those in twin pregnancies were 1.1%, 2.3%, and 6.1%, respectively. The rates of marginal vitamin A deficiency in singleton pregnancies from the first to the third trimesters were 8.5%, 7.8%, and 12.2%, respectively, while those in twin pregnancies were 6.2%, 10.9%, and 18.2%, respectively. The differences in vitamin A distribution between the two groups of pregnant women at each gestational stage were statistically significant. Multivariate analysis results showed that the risk of vitamin A deficiency in twin pregnancies during the second and third trimesters was significantly higher than that in singleton pregnancies (OR=2.94, 95% CI:2.00-4.34 for the second trimester; OR=4.35, 95% CI:3.16-5.97 for the third trimester). Quantile regression results indicated that the effect of vitamin A supplementation on serum concentration decreased with the increase in quantile. The effect of vitamin A supplementation in the third trimester on serum concentration was smaller in twin pregnancies than that in singleton pregnancies. Conclusion There are differences in serum vitamin A levels between singleton and twin pregnancies. Twin pregnancy is a risk factor for vitamin A deficiency in the second and third trimesters. Extra vitamin A supplementation in the first and second trimesters has a greater impact on pregnant women with lower serum concentrations. Extra vitamin A supplementation in the third trimester has a smaller effect on serum concentration in twin pregnancies than in singleton pregnancies.
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  Influencing factors of vaginal laxity in married women in Inner Mongolia

  CHEN Huixin, JIN Shunhuan, YANG yan, QIN Yifan, YANG Yumei, ZHAO Yi, BayaSalahu, ZHANG Kun, MAO Jianying, ZHANG Le

  Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health. 2026, 37(5): 415-420.

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  Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of vaginal laxity (VL) among married women aged 20-49 years in Inner Mongolia. Methods A total of 1 271 married women were enrolled and categorized according to the degree of VL. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for VL. Results The overall prevalence of VL was 43.35%. Statistically significant differences were observed among the three groups-laxity group (n = 551), moderate group (n = 413), and tightness group (n = 307) in terms of age, education, and annual household incom(P < 0.05). Univariate analysis indicated that obstetric factors, including gravidity, parity, number of vaginal deliveries, mode of last delivery, and years since the most recent delivery, were significantly associated with the degree of VL(P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis further confirmed that longer years since the most recent delivery, higher gravidity, and vaginal delivery as the mode of the last delivery were independent risk factors for VL (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of VL in this region is relatively high and is closely associated with delivery-related factors and functional status. Pelvic floor function screening and targeted interventions should be strengthened targeting high-risk factors.
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  The online public opinion ecology of fertility intention-an analysis based on the dimensions of quantity, timing, and gender of fertility intention

  WANG Wenqing, MENG Yanting

  Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health. 2026, 37(5): 421-426.

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  Objective To understand the online public opinion regarding fertility intentions among the internet community, propose comprehensive and targeted guidance strategies, and provide basis and reference for the formulation of policies related to the country′s low fertility rate dilemma. Methods Utilizing the Houyi collector, we retrieved 77,870 online comments related to fertility intentions from October 2020 to October 2023 from Sina Weibo and Tiktok. We analyzed the overall situation and influencing factors of online public opinion regarding fertility intentions from three dimensions:the number of intended births, the timing of intended births, and the gender of intended births. Results The proportions of negative sentiment in the three dimensions of intended births were 47.9% (number of intended births), 51.3% (timing of intended births), and 60.8% (gender of intended births), respectively. Positive public opinion is not common on online platforms. The disorderly ecosystem of online public opinion regarding fertility intentions is specifically manifested in the small number of intended births, the postponement of intended birth timing, and the desalination of intended birth gender. Conclusion Leverage internet technology platforms to optimize fertility behavior choices and management methods; restrict the "selling anxiety" parenting views on the internet, advocate the dissemination of scientific and Objective parenting concepts; further optimize fertility security-related systems; foster a good atmosphere of full participation and joint construction of a fertility-friendly society.
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  Impact of PARPi maintenance therapy on subsequent chemotherapy efficacy in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer

  HAN Jiangxue, YANG Yue

  Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health. 2026, 37(5): 427-431.

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  Objective To analyze the chemotherapeutic response at recurrence in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer who received PARPi maintenance therapy, so as to provide evidence for optimizing sequential treatment strategies and exploring drug resistance mechanisms in ovarian cancer. Methods Clinical data of patients diagnosed with high-grade serous ovarian cancer were retrospectively collected. The efficacy of second-line platinum-based chemotherapy following PARPi administration was evaluated via the KELIM index and Objective response rate (ORR). For patients receiving second-line platinum-based chemotherapy alone, ORR was adopted to quantify the effect of prior PARPi maintenance therapy. Platinum-free interval (PFI), defined as the duration from the completion of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy to tumor recurrence, and stratified into two subgroups:6-12 months and >12 months. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore whether the effect of PARPi maintenance on second-line platinum chemotherapy efficacy across different PFI. Results Among patients receiving secondary cytoreductive surgery combined with second-line platinum-based chemotherapy after disease progression, no significant intergroup difference was observed (P=0.3). For patients treated with second-line platinum chemotherapy only, the ORR was 54.2% in the PARPi maintenance group versus 100% in the non-PARPi group (P=0.002). Stratified analysis by PFI was performed in patients receiving chemotherapy alone as second-line treatment:within the PFI 6-12 months subgroup, ORR was 66.7% for PARPi-exposed patients and 100% for non-PARPi patients (P=0.047); within the PFI >12 months subgroup, ORR was 41.7% in the PARPi group and 100% in the control group (P=0.005), both differences were statistically significant. No significant differences were found in patients receiving surgery plus second-line platinum chemotherapy, regardless of PFI strata (P=0.093 for PFI 6-12 months; P=0.77 for PFI >12 months). Conclusion For patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer receiving PARPi maintenance therapy following first-line treatment:when second-line management consists of platinum-based chemotherapy alone, prior PARPi maintenance therapy compromises the efficacy of subsequent platinum-containing chemotherapy. In contrast, if secondary cytoreductive surgery is combined with second-line platinum-based chemotherapy as the second-line regimen, PARPi maintenance therapy exerts no impact on the therapeutic effect of second-line platinum agents. After adjusting for confounding PFI variables, prior PARPi maintenance therapy reduces the efficacy of subsequent chemotherapy in patients who received second-line platinum-based chemotherapy alone.
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  Effects of different fatty acid intakes during early life on adipose tissue development and blood glucose in offspring rats

  WEN Zhang, PENG Yile, ZHOU Yalin, YE Wanyun, SHI Hanxu, HAN Muke, XU Yajun

  Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health. 2026, 37(5): 432-439.

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  Objective To investigate the effects of different fatty acid interventions in early life on adipose tissue development and blood glucose in rats. Methods Normal neonatal rats were artificially fed with milk substitutes based on butter, fish oil, flaxseed oil, or palm oil from postnatal day 3 (PND3) until weaning at PND26. The control group was breastfed. At PND10, PND18 and PND26, body mass, body composition, adipose tissue distribution and morphological structure were measured in all groups. After weaning, fasting blood glucose, four serum lipid parameters, insulin, adiponectin, and leptin were measured in all groups. Results At PND18, the total fat percentage and visceral adipose tissue percentage were significantly higher in the two plant-based oil formula-fed groups compared with the control group (P<0.05). Concurrently, the two animal-based oil formula-fed groups exhibited higher percentages of non-visceral adipose tissue and higher percentages of dorsal brown adipose tissue mass compared with the control group (P<0.05). At PND26, compared with the control group, the animal-based oil formula-fed group had higher adiponectin levels (P<0.05). Additionally, the group fed with a formula rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids had significantly higher number of adipocytes (P<0.05) and serum insulin concentration (P<0.05) than the control group, with no significant difference in fasting blood glucose levels. The blood lipid levels were lower in this group compared with the control group (P<0.05). The group fed with a formula rich in saturated fatty acids had higher blood glucose levels than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The composition of fatty acids from different sources in early life exerts specific effects on the regional distribution of adipose tissue, adipocyte proliferation, and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in rats, depending on their source characteristics and degrees of unsaturation.