11 March 2026, Volume 37 Issue 2

    

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  The effects of weight gain in the first trimester on gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational hypertension

  CHENG Yao, HUANG Wenting, LU Xinfeng, SUN Guoqiang

  Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health. 2026, 37(2): 101-107.

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  Objective To explore the comprehensive effect of weight gain in early pregnancy on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational hypertension (GHP), and GDM combined with GHP.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on one of the largest maternal and child health hospital in Hubei Province from April 2021 to April 2022, including general personal information, weight information in early pregnancy, and pregnancy outcomes. A total of 3 046 eligible participants were obtained, including 2 013 in the control group, 781 in the GDM group, 182 in the GHP group, and 70 in the GDM combined GHP group. The effects of maternal general personal information and gestational weight gain on GDM, GHP, and GDM combined with GHP were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression analysis, and the risk of GDM combined with GHP was predicted using a nomogram. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to visualize the predictive outcome, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was employed to assess the model's predictive performance.Results Pre-pregnancy BMI was a common influencing factor for GDM, GHP, and GDM combined with GHP. The higher the pre-pregnancy BMI, the higher risks were observed among the diseases (P for trend <0.001). GDM was also related to gestational age, ABO blood type, and family history of diabetes; GHP was associated with multiparous and a family history of hypertension; GDM combined with GHP was associated with ABO blood type. In addition, ABO blood type, pre-pregnancy BMI, and weight gain in early pregnancy have a good predictive effect on the incidence of GDM combined with GHP (AUC=0.792).Conclusion The results of this study suggested that attention should be paid to weight management before and during early pregnancy to reduce the risk of GDM and GHP. In addition, the predictive effect of the three factors, including ABO blood type, pre-pregnancy BMI, and weight gain in early pregnancy on GDM combined with GHP is conducive to early clinical identification of high-risk groups, which could be helpful in timely clinical intervention to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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  Study on the association between healthy lifestyle and prenatal depression

  QIU Yunfei, YANG Yaqin, ZHANG Le, ZHAO Liping, YE Rongwei, ZHANG Jingxu

  Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health. 2026, 37(2): 108-113.

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  Objective To investigate the association between Healthy Lifestyle Score (HLS) and its components on depression with prenatal depression.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 2,272 pregnant women at 4-20 gestational weeks were recruited from the Third Workers' Hospital of Baotou Steel Group in Baotou City, Inner Mongolia during between April 2022 and December 2024. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information on pre-pregnancy BMI, dietary diversity, alcohol consumption, tobacco exposure, weekly moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and nighttime sleep time. Prenatal depression was evaluated using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Logistic regression and generalized linear models were employed to calculate effect values with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Results The prevalence of prenatal depression was 17.4%. Low dietary diversity, alcohol consumption, and tobacco exposure increase the risk of depression during pregnancy with OR:1.42 (95% CI:1.08-1.85)], 2.01 (95% CI:1.24-3.19), and 1.41 (95% CI:1.06-1.87) , respectively. Insufficient moderate to high-intensity exercise per week increases the risk of depression during pregnancy by 12.0% (95% CI:1.01-1.24), while increasing nighttime sleep time by 1 hour can reduce the risk of depression by 20.0% (95% CI:0.70-0.91). For every 1 point increase in HLS, the risk of depression during pregnancy decreases by 19.0% (95% CI:0.71-0.92). Compared to pregnant women with only ≤ 2 healthy lifestyles, those with 5-6 healthy lifestyles have a 43.0% (95% CI:0.36-0.90) reduction in the risk of depression during pregnancy.Conclusion Optimizing lifestyle could effectively reduce the risk of depression during pregnancy and provide evidence for comprehensive intervention strategies.
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  Big data analysis of internet consultationon the public needs of male semen and sperm health

  XU Ruihao, SONG Yangguang, ZHANG Zhe, YANG Shuo, LI Haojie, SUN Yajing, SUN Liwen, ZHANG Bin, ZHANG Shucheng

  Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health. 2026, 37(2): 114-124.

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  Objective Through analyzing big data of internet consultations on male semen and sperm health, this study conducts clustering analysis to explore the public's focus on related knowledge in online consultations.Methods Using the data of Internet consulting services conducted on the platform for three years from April 2020 to March 2023, the network consulting words (consulting contents) were clustered through IP-guard and python technology / software.Results A total of 9 172 340 consultation data (word frequency) were obtained, with 6 major public consultation hotspots as follows:semen (2.8%), sperm (34.0%), semen collection index (1.1%), semen visual index (7.8%), semen microscope examination index (54.1%), and others (0.2%). The indicators related to sperm quality, reflecting male fertility , accounted for 88.1%; the top 10 hot topics were as follows:sperm, movement-speed, sperm activity, vitality, liquidity, total number of sperm, abnormal rate, semen, viscosity, abnormality; the top 13 most frequently consulted words with data volumes exceeding 100 000 were sperm, movement-speed, sperm activity, vitality, rapid movement, activity rate, semen, total number of sperm ejaculated per ejaculation, liquidity, low vitality, semen stringing, abnormal rate, and liquidity time. The proportion of hot keywords in the total number of consultations was 77.6% in the top 10, 91.4% in the top 30, and 95.4% in the top 50.Conclusion This report provides data for the first time on the demand for male fertility, semen analysis, semen health, and sperm health in Internet consultations in China, discloses the volume of consultation data and the public's focus, hot spots, and hot keywords. It shows that the public's consultation content is concentrated on sperm mobility, semen liquefaction and viscosity, sperm count, sperm morphology, abstinence time and semen volume, and the presence of round cells in semen. Launching Internet + fertility / reproductive health consultation services have a positive and important role in improving male fertility and promoting fertility service needs, providing support for improving fertility quality and population numbers.
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  Expression of ZNF695 in endometrial cancer and its effect, possible mechanism in cell proliferation

  SHEN Yan, JIANG Xiaoying, SHI Rui, WANG Hongbo

  Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health. 2026, 37(2): 125-130.

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  Objective To analyze the expression of ZNF695 in endometrial cancer tissues, evaluate the impact of ZNF695 on the proliferation and migration of endometrial cancer cells and explore its possible mechanism.Methods Search for the expression of ZNF695 in endometrial cancer using CRN (Cancer RNA-Seq Nexus) and Oncolnc website, and analyze it. Based on the analysis results, immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of ZNF695 in normal human endometrium and endometrial cancer tissues. Liposomes were used to transfer the constructed ZNF695 lentivirus vector into Ishikawa and HEC-1B cell lines, respectively. Screening the group with the highest transfection efficiency. Western Blot was used to detect the expression of P21, MMP2, E-cadherin and Vimentin proteins after transfection, and the expression of ZNF695 in endometrial cancer cells was verified. Transwell chamber assay and CCK8 proliferation test were used to determine the cell invasion, migration and proliferation ability.Results Bioinformatics analysis shows ZNF695 was highly expressed in endometrial cancer, and those with higher expression had poor prognosis. Immunohistochemical display that the expression of ZNF695 protein in endometrial cancer (47.7%) was significantly higher than that of normal endometrial (10%)(P=0.024); ZNF695 short hairpin RNA can effectively inhibit the expression of ANF695 in Ishikawa and HEC-1B cells. Down-regulation of ZNF695 enhanced the proliferation and migration of both cell lines in vitro (P<0.05), accompanied by the decrease in P21, E-cadherin expression (P<0.05) and the increase of Vimentin expression (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in MMP2 expression.Conclusion Downregulation of ZNF695 expression could promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and enhance the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. The mechanism may be achieved through downregulating the expression of E-cadherin, P21 and upregulating of Vimentin protein expression, rather than MMP2 expression. This study provides an experimental basis for further exploring the role of ZNF695 in the occurrence and development of endometrial cancer.
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  The impact of parenting rearing behavior and core symptoms on sleep in children with autism spectrum disorder

  XIAO Yunhua, ZHU Jie, LIANG Guiming, QIAN Deyi, LI Wenshun, FENG Guoliang

  Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health. 2026, 37(2): 131-136.

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  Objective This study aimed to compare and analyze the differences in sleep habits and parental rearing behaviors between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and healthy children, and further explore the correlations between sleep habits of ASD children, their parental rearing behaviors and core symptoms.Methods A total of 62 children aged 3-10 with ASD diagnosed in 2022~2023 were selected as ASD group, with 62 healthy children with normal development as control group. The parental behavior questionnaire and children's sleep habits scale were used to evaluate the parenting behavior and sleep habits in both groups. T-tests and regression analysis were used to examine the association between sleep habits, parental parenting behavior, and core symptoms in children with ASD children.Results Compared to the control group, the ASD group had a significantly higher total scores in sleep habits problems and parental hostility/coercion, while a significantly lower scores in parental support/participation (All P<0.05). Further analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the total score of sleep habits problems and core symptoms in children with ASD (P<0.05), which indicated that more severe sleep problems were associated with more pronounced core symptoms of ASD. At the same time, the total score of sleep habit problems was negatively correlated with parental support/participation and positively correlated with parental hostile parenting behavior(P<0.05). Sleep problems in ASD children were negatively influenced by parental parenting support/participation, while sleep habits in ASD children were positively influenced by core symptoms and parental parenting hostility/coercion.Conclusion Children with ASD have more severe sleep problems, which may be associated with their core symptoms and parental parenting behavior.
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  Effect of air pollution on pregnancy outcomes after frozen-thawed embryo transfer in Harbin

  AN Yuan, WANG Minglei, WANG Rui, ZHANG Hongxiu

  Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health. 2026, 37(2): 137-142.

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  Objective To investigate the correlation between air pollutants and pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) in Harbin.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 1 503 patients who received FET from March 2016 to March 2020. Baseline data and pregnancy outcomes were compared according to the ambient air quality index (AQI) level. The correlation among different air pollutant components was analyzed. Two exposure time windows were defined according to the FET treatment timeline:Exposure window 1:the 14 days before transplant; Exposure window 2:the transplant day and the 14 days after. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between AQI levels and pregnancy outcomes during different exposure windows.Results In the exposed group with AQI > 100 on the transplant day, the HCG positive rate, clinical pregnancy rate, embryo implantation rate, ongoing pregnancy rate and live birth rate were lower than in the unexposed group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). In exposure window 1, compared to the Q1 group, the OR for clinical pregnancy in the fourth (Q4) quartile group was 0.67 (0.47-0.94), and the ORs for ongoing pregnancies in the third (Q3) and fourth (Q4) quartile groups were 0.66 (0.47-0.94) and 0.65 (0.46-0.92), respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the Q1 group (P<0.05). In exposure window 2, the OR for ongoing pregnancy in the Q4 group was 0.63 (0.45-0.89), which was significantly lower than in the Q1 group (P<0.05).Conclusion Exposure to air pollutants reduces the possibility of ongoing pregnancy during the frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle, as well as during the implantation stage, and the effect is more pronounced at high levels of AQI exposure.