11 May 2025, Volume 36 Issue 3

    

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  Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health. 2025, 36(3): 0-0.

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  Effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on fasting plasma glucose in offspring rats and the intervention effect of 2'-fucosyllactose

  Ye Wanyun, Shi Hanxu, Zhou Yalin, Wen Zhang, PengYile, Xu Yajun

  Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health. 2025, 36(3): 201-207.

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  Objective To study the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on fasting blood glucose in offspring, and to explore the ability of 2'-fucosyllactose(2'-FL) to improve impaired fasting blood glucose in offspring with GDM and the appropriate dose. Methods Healthy SD rats were randomly divided into control group and GDM model group. The GDM model was established by high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection. The GDM model group was randomly divided into GDM model group (GDM group), GDM+2'-FL low-dose intervention group (GLF group), GDM+2'-FL medium-dose intervention group (GMF group), GDM+2'-FL high-dose intervention group (GHF group). There were 8 pregnant mice in each group. The offspring rats in the control group and GDM group were given distilled water by gavage, and the rats in the 2'-FL intervention groups were given 2'-FL at 0.2 g/kg, 0.6 g/kg and 1.8 g/kg, respectively. Fasting blood glucose(FPG) and body weight of maternal rats during pregnancy and lactation were recorded. Breast milk samples were collected on postnatal days 3, 11 and 21 for analysis of 2'-FL content. The body weight of offspring rats during lactation was recorded, and FPG was measured on the 21st day after delivery. On the 7th and 21st day after delivery, one male and one female offspring of each litter were sacrificed to weigh the main organs and calculate the organ coefficient. Results The content of 2'-FL in breast milk of the GDM model group was significantly lower than that of the control group on postnatal days 3 and 21 (P<0.05), and the content of 2'-FL in breast milk of the two groups decreased over time during lactation. The FPG of female and male offspring in the GDM group was significantly higher than that in the control group on postnatal day 21 (P<0.05), and the FPG of female and male offspring in the low-dose 2'-FL intervention group was significantly lower than that in the GDM group (P<0.05). The FPG of male offspring in the medium-and high-dose 2'-FL intervention groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The liver coefficients of female and male offspring on postnatal day 7 were significantly lower than those of the blank control group (P<0.05). The liver coefficients of female offspring in the high-dose 2'-FL intervention group were significantly higher than those in the GDM group (P<0.05). The liver coefficient of male and kidney coefficient of female offspring in the GDM group were significantly higher than those in the control group on postnatal day 21 (P<0.05), and the kidney coefficient of female offspring in the high-dose 2'-FL intervention group was significantly lower than that in the GDM group (P<0.05). Conclusion The FBG of offspring rats affected by gestational diabetes mellitus is impaired, and 2'-FL intervention can improve FBG to a certain extent.
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  The Impact of changes in antenatal depressive symptoms trajectory on delivery mode:a dynamic observation from first trimester to third trimester

  YU Ying, LIU Kaibo, YANG Huijuan

  Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health. 2025, 36(3): 208-213.

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  Objective To explore the impact of changes in prenatal depressive symptoms on delivery methods and to reveal the relationship between prenatal depressive symptoms and cesarean section. Methods Pregnant women who received the Mother and Child Health Handbook in Beijing underwent mental health assessments using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) via the “Beijing Maternal and Child Health Service” WeChat public account during early pregnancy and mid-to-late pregnancy. The assessment results were uploaded in real-time to the Beijing Maternal and Child Health Information System. Data were obtained from pregnant women who gave birth between January 1, 2023, and December 31, 2023. Based on changes in prenatal depressive symptoms (defined as a PHQ-9 total score ≥ 5 with a non-zero score on the last item indicating abnormal results), pregnant women were divided into a normal group and an abnormal group. The normal group included those whose assessment results were normal in both early pregnancy and mid-to-late pregnancy (consistently normal group), as well as those who had abnormal results in early pregnancy but returned to normal in mid-to-late pregnancy (recovered to normal group). The abnormal group included those with normal results in early pregnancy but abnormal results in mid-to-late pregnancy (developed abnormalities group) and those with abnormal results in both early pregnancy and mid-to-late pregnancy (consistently abnormal group). Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between changes in prenatal depressive symptoms and delivery methods. Results A total of 100,258 pregnant women were included, with 84,386 (84.2%) in the normal group and 15,872 (15.8%) in the abnormal group. Among the normal group, 67,575 (80.1%) were in the consistently normal group, and 16,811 (19.9%) were in the recovered to normal group. In the abnormal group, 9,053 (57.0%) were in the consistently abnormal group, and 6,819 (43.0%) were in the developed abnormalities group. Comparisons of delivery methods showed that the cesarean section rate was highest in the developed abnormalities group (43.0%). Univariate analysis indicated that factors such as maternal age, household registration, BMI, parity, history of cesarean section, hypertension, and placenta previa were significantly associated with changes in prenatal depressive symptoms. The proportion of abnormal changes in prenatal depressive symptoms was slightly higher among women who had vaginal deliveries compared to those who had cesarean sections (15.9% vs. 15.2%). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between abnormal changes in prenatal depressive symptoms and the choice of cesarean section (OR=1.06, 95%CI:1.01-1.11). Stratified analysis showed that this association was more pronounced among women with higher education levels, primiparas, and those without a history of cesarean section, placenta previa, or placental abruption. Conclusion There is a certain association between changes in prenatal depressive symptoms and delivery methods, with women experiencing abnormal changes in prenatal depressive symptoms being more likely to opt for cesarean sections. This suggests that attention should be paid to the mental health of pregnant women during prenatal care.
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  The association between inflammatory proteins and premature ovarian insufficiency:a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

  LUO Zheng, DU Qiao, ZHANG Cairong

  Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health. 2025, 36(3): 214-219.

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  Objective To explore the causal relationship between circulating inflammatory proteins and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) using Mendelian randomization method. Methods Based on the data collected from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS), inflammatory proteins were used as exposure factors, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with inflammatory proteins were selected as instrumental variables, and POI was used as the outcome factor. We used IVW, MR Egger, simple mode, weighted media, and weighted mode methods to analyze and evaluate the sensitivity of the results. Results Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (OR=1.558, 95% CI:1.078-22.52), leukemia inhibitory factor (OR=1.580, 95% CI:1.027-2.429) showed a positive correlation with the occurrence of POI, while interleukin-10 (OR=0.653, 95% CI:0.462-0.922 showed a negative correlation with the occurrence of POI. Sensitivity assessment showed no horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneity, or reverse causality. Conclusion Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor and leukemia inhibitory factor are risk factors for POI, while interleukin-10 is a protective factor for POI occurrence.
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  Effect and mechanism analysis of SSBP1 on autophagy and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells

  MIAO Li, WANG Dong, WANG Ying, MA Li, KANG Anjing

  Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health. 2025, 36(3): 220-225.

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  Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of SSBP1 gene on autophagy and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. Methods The subjects of the study selected drug-resistant ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 cell line and were divided into 39 samples after culture, 13 of which were used as the control group for routine culture, and the other 26 were used as the study group, which were respectively given SSBP1 inhibitor(13 strains) and SSBP1 active(13 strains) intervention. Cell viability, cell proliferation rate, cell apoptosis rate, autophagy related proteins, apoptosis related proteins, CHOP, DCR, Caspase8 proteins were observed in each group. Results Cell viability, cell proliferation rate, LC3I and Bcl-2 protein relative expression in SSBP1 inhibitor 1 were lower than those in control group. Apoptosis rate, p62, LC3II, Bax, CHOP, DCR, Caspase8, active-Caspase8, cleaved-Caspase8 protein and relative expression of SSBP1 gene were higher than those in the control group. Cell viability, cell proliferation rate, LC3I and Bcl-2 protein relative expression in SSBP1 inhibitor 2 were significantly higher than those in control group. Apoptosis rate, p62, LC3II, Bax, CHOP, DCR, Caspase8, active-Caspase8, cleaved-Caspase8 protein and relative expression of SSBP1 gene were lower than those in control group(P<0.05). Conclusion SSBP1 gene can regulate the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in ovarian cancer cells, and its low expression can promote the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells, inhibit the autophagy and cell viability of ovarian cancer cells. The mechanism of SSBP1 gene may be related to the CHOP/DCR/Caspase8 signaling pathway, and it is expected to become a new drug target for ovarian cancer treatment.
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  Relationship between immune response and HPV outcome after high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

  DUAN Xiaoling, LU Qi

  Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health. 2025, 36(3): 226-234.

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  Objective To investigate the relationship between immune response and human papilloma virus (HPV) outcome in patients with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (HSIL). Methods 213 patients with HSIL admitted to our hospital from September 2020 to March 2022 were selected as the research subjects. They aged 28-63 years with an average age of (39.0 ± 4.8) years. We compared the changes in various serum immune indicators of HSIL patients before surgery, 3 months after surgery, 6 months after surgery, and 12 months after surgery. According to the HPV conversion status of HSIL patients 12 months after surgery, they were divided into a negative conversion group (n=162) and a non-negative conversion group (n=51). We compared the general and clinical data of the two groups, and used multiple logistic regression analysis to screen independent influencing factors of HPV conversion in HSIL patients. We also compared the predictive efficacy of each factor for HPV conversion, and analyzed the correlation between each factor and HPV conversion. Results The levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, Th/Ts, immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were significantly increased in patients with HSIL 12 months after surgery, while the levels of CD8⁺ were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The age of patients and the proportion of patients with abortion history in the non-negative conversion group were significantly higher than those in the negative conversion group (P<0.05). The levels of CD4⁺ and Th/Ts in patients with negative conversion were significantly higher than those in patients without negative conversion, and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in patients with negative conversion were significantly lower than those in patients without negative conversion. There were significant differences in the number of sialidase (SIA) positive, H₂O₂ positive and abnormal vaginal cleanliness (CLE) patients between the two groups (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that older age and higher TNF-α level were risk factors for postoperative HPV non-negative conversion in patients with HSIL, and more CD4⁺ cell counts and higher Th/Ts level were protective factors for postoperative HPV non-negative conversion in patients with HSIL (P<0.05). The area under curve (AUC) of postoperative HPV outcome in HSIL patients tested by age+CD4⁺+Th/Ts+TNF-α was 0.881, the Yoden index was 0.695, and the accuracy was 0.848, which were all higher than other prediction models. After establishing logistic model through gradually excluding the confounding factors, we stratified by age, CD4⁺, Th/Ts and TNF-α levels, and found that age, CD4⁺, Th/Ts and TNF-α levels were still independent influencing factors for postoperative HPV outcome in patients with HSIL. The association effect values increased with the increment of age and TNF-α, and the decrease of CD4⁺ and Th/Ts levels (P trend <0.05). Conclusion The cellular and humoral immune responses of HSIL patients were significantly improved 12 months after surgery compared with those before surgery. Age and TNF-α level were risk factors for non-negative HPV conversion in HSIL patients, and CD4⁺ and Th/Ts were protective factors for non-negative HPV conversion in HSIL patients. The combined detection of postoperative HPV outcomes in HSIL patients by age+CD4⁺+ Th/Ts+TNF-α showed good predictive performance. After the elimination of confounding factors, the associated effect sizes with HPV outcomes increased with the decreased levels of CD4⁺ and Th/Ts and the increment of age and TNF-α.
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  BRCA1/2 gene mutation analysis in 310 cases of ovarian cancer

  HAN Jiangxue, YANG Yue

  Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health. 2025, 36(3): 235-240.

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  Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the BRCA gene mutations and clinical characteristics of ovarian cancer patients in eastern China, and to analyze the differences with other regions. Methods BRCA1/2 gene detection was performed on 310 patients with ovarian cancer. Information on patient age, pathological type, and preoperative tumor markers CA125 and HE4 was collected. Information on mutation rates and common mutations of the BRCA1/2 gene in ovarian cancer from different countries was also collected. Results A total of 310 patients with nonselective ovarian cancer were selected for this study, of which 87(28.1%) had BRCA1/2 mutations, including 64(20.1%) BRCA1 mutations and 23(8.0%) BRCA2 mutations. A total of 45 mutations were found in patients with BRCA1 mutations, with c.5470-5477del and c.981-982del mutations being the most common. A total of 22 mutations were found in patients with BRCA2 mutations, with c.6373-6374insA mutations being the most common. BRCA gene mutations were not significantly related to age, pathologic type, serum CA125, or HE4(P>0.005). Conclusion There are significant differences in BRCA gene mutations among different countries and regions.