低出生体重发生率及影响因素

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摘要目的分析低出生体重的发生率及其影响因素,为制定相应干预措施提供依据。方法利用中国危重孕产妇监测系统,选取首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院2012年1月至2017年12月妊娠满28周分娩的所有活产新生儿作为研究对象,共纳入13 706例新生儿。采用孕产妇个案调查表收集孕产妇的基本信息、妊娠合并症及并发症、本次分娩及新生儿情况等。结果 13 706例活产新生儿中,低出生体重发生率为5.3%。单因素分析显示,母亲年龄、受教育程度、产前检查次数、早产、妊娠期高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期贫血及多胎妊娠均与低出生体重的发生有关,差异有统计学意义。多因素分析显示,从未进行产前检查或产前检查1~4次、多胎妊娠、早产、妊娠期高血压疾病及妊娠期贫血是低出生体重发生的危险因素。结论本院低出生体重发生率低于全国平均水平,早产、妊娠期高血压疾病、妊娠期贫血、多胎妊娠、不良产前保健是低出生体重的危险因素。加强健康宣教和围产保健管理,积极防治妊娠合并症及并发症,可有效减少低出生体重的发生风险。

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	胡美娜
	赵银珠
	邹晓璇
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关键词 ：低出生体重, 发生率, 危险因素

Abstract：Objective To analyze the incidence and risk factors of low birth weight, and to provide evidence for appropriate interventions.Methods A total of 13706 neonates were included in the study. All live births delivered at equal or more than 28 weeks of gestation from January 2012 to December 2017 in Capital Medical University affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital by China's National Maternal Near Miss Surveillance System. Maternal questionnaires were used to collect basic information about pregnancy complications, delivery and newborn conditions.Results Among the 13706 live births, the incidence of low birth weight was 5.3%. Univariate analysis showed that maternal age, education level, number of prenatal examinations, preterm delivery, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, anaemia during pregnancy, and multiple pregnancy were all related to low birth weight (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that without prenatal visit or 1~4 prenatal visits, multiple pregnancy, preterm birth, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and anaemia during pregnancy were risk factors for low birth weight.Conclusion The incidence of low birth weight in the hospital was lower than the national average. Preterm birth, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, anaemia during pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, and poor prenatal care were risk factors for low birth weight. Strengthening health education and management of perinatal care, and actively preventing pregnancy complications can effectively reduce the incidence of low birth weight.

Key words： low birth weight incidence risk factors

收稿日期: 2018-06-11

通讯作者: 胡美娜(472660611@qq.com)

引用本文:

胡美娜, 赵银珠, 邹晓璇, 张良芬. 低出生体重发生率及影响因素[J]. 中国生育健康杂志, 2019, 30(2): 127-130.
HU Meina, ZHAO Yinzhu, ZOU Xiaoxuan, ZHANG Liangfen. Analysis on incidence and risk factors of low birth weight. Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health, 2019, 30(2): 127-130.

链接本文:

http://cjrh.bjmu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://cjrh.bjmu.edu.cn/CN/Y2019/V30/I2/127

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