北京市顺义区667名学龄前儿童气质特点及影响因素分析

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摘要目的调查分析北京市顺义区学龄前儿童气质特点及相关影响因素。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,选取北京市顺义区4所幼儿园的667名儿童,应用《中国3～7岁儿童气质量表》调查分析学龄前儿童气质特点,应用自拟问卷调查家庭养育环境、早期喂养方式等气质影响因素的情况,通过多元线性回归和Logistic回归分析儿童气质特点的影响因素。结果气质类型分布,易养型32.8%,中间近易养型28.9%,中间近难养型13.8%,难养型10.2%,启动缓慢型14.2%;积极气质类型合计占61.8%,消极气质类型合计占38.2%;不同性别、年龄儿童气质类型比较,差异均无统计学意义;气质各维度得分中,男童的活动维度得分高于女童,而心境和反应阈维度得分低于女童(P<0.05),反应强度和反应阈维度得分随年龄增长而降低(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,影响儿童气质维度的相关因素有性别、6月龄内喂养方式、婴幼儿时期营养状况和主要抚养人文化程度(P<0.05);非条件Logistic回归分析显示,独生子女与否、6月龄内喂养方式、婴幼儿时期营养状况、母亲文化程度是影响儿童气质特点的相关因素。结论北京市顺义区学龄前儿童气质类型分布以积极气质类型为主,学龄前儿童气质发展受遗传和环境多种因素影响。

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	邢金栓
	王军波
	李永进
	刘秀峰
	陈东宛
	吕金昌
	高彭

关键词 ：学龄前儿童, 气质特点, 喂养方式, 生命早期营养

Abstract：Objective To investigate the temperament and analyze the related factors of preschool children in Shunyi District, Beijing. Methods Using a random cluster sampling method, total 667 children from 4 kindergartens in Shunyi District, Beijing were selected. The temperament was evaluated using "Chinese Preschool children Temperament Scale", related factors inclduing family rearing environment and early-life feeding mode were collected thorugh the self-designed questionnaire. Multiple linear regression and Logistic regression were used. Results Two major temperament types were easy-to-raise and intermediate-near-easy, accounting for 32.8% and 28.9%, respectively, while type of intermediate-near-difficult, difficult-to-raise and slow-initate accounted 13.8%, 10.2% and 14.2% respectively. Positive temperament type accounted 61.8%, while negative temperament type accounting for 38.2%. There was no significant difference in temperament type between genders and ages. The score of the activity dimension of boys was higher than that of girls, but score of mood and reaction threshold was lower than that of girls (P<0.05) among different dimensions of temperament. The score of response intensity and reaction threshold decreased with age (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that the influencing factors affecting temperament among preschool children were gender, early-life feeding mode (<6 months), nutritional status during infant period and education of principal caregiver (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the only child or not, early-life feeding mode, nutritional status during infant period and mother's education affects temperament among preschool children. Conclusion The temperament of preschool children in Shunyi District are mainly positive, and the development of preschool children's temperament is influenced by both the genetic and environmental factors.

Key words： preschool children temperament feeding mode early life nurtrition

收稿日期: 2018-04-03

通讯作者: 王军波(bmuwjbxy@bjmu.edu.cn);李永进(lyjsod@sina.com)

引用本文:

邢金栓, 王军波, 李永进, 刘秀峰, 陈东宛, 吕金昌, 高彭. 北京市顺义区667名学龄前儿童气质特点及影响因素分析[J]. 中国生育健康杂志, 2018, 29(4): 313-318.
XING Jinshuan, WANG Junbo, LI Yongjin, LIU Xiufeng, CHEN Dongwan, LV Jinchang, GAO Peng. Temperament and influencing factors of 667 preschool children in Shunyi district, Beijing. Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health, 2018, 29(4): 313-318.

链接本文:

http://cjrh.bjmu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://cjrh.bjmu.edu.cn/CN/Y2018/V29/I4/313

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