孤独症与正常儿童幼儿期亲子间分离事件和亲密行为与儿童玩耍方式的差异研究

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摘要目的探索孤独症与正常儿童幼儿期经历亲子分离事件和亲密行为及儿童玩耍方式的差异。方法采用病例对照研究的方法,以符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册(DSM-IV)孤独症谱系障碍诊断标准的116例孤独症儿童为孤独症组,92例性别匹配的正常发育儿童为正常组。采用自编儿童幼儿期成长环境调查表,对两组儿童入3岁前的成长环境与玩耍方式进行问卷调查。结果孤独症组在“亲子长期分离”(18.1%)、“不与陌生儿童玩耍”(91.4%)、“偏好与异性玩耍”(20.7%)方面均高于正常组(6.5%、32.6%、6.5%),在“亲子间亲密动作”(21.8%)方面低于正常组(47.8%)。孤独症女童幼儿期经历“亲子长期分离”(36.8%)多于孤独症男童(14.4%)。结论孤独症儿童家庭幼儿期经历亲子分离事件更多,并呈现更少亲子间亲密行为,且孤独症女孩家庭更为明显。孤独症儿童与陌生儿童玩耍异常,尤其表现为同性交往下降。

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	梁文英
	安勇博
	丁瞳
	徐新杰
	吕玲
	魏青云
	李黎
	张嵘

关键词 ：孤独症, 分离事件, 亲密动作, 玩耍性别偏好

Abstract：Objective To explore the difference in childhood separation events, intimate parent-child relationship, and playing pattern between autistic children and normal children.Methods In this unconditional case-control study, the case group was composed of 116 children who were diagnosed as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). A total of 92 gender-matched normal children were selected as controls. All the children in the two groups were assessed with self-designed questionnaires about childhood growth environmental factors for children.Results The case group had higher proportion in “separation from parents” (18.1% vs 6.5%), “not play with other children” (91.4% vs 32.6%), and “play with children of the opposite sex” (20.7% vs 6.5%), but lower proportion in “intimate behavior” (21.8% vs 47.8%) than the control group. Girls were more likely to have autism experiences “separation from parents” than boys (36.8% vs 14.4%).Conclusion The families with autistic children had higher proportions of childhood separation event but lower proportion of parent-child intimate behavior, and families with girls are even more obvious. Autistic children also showed an abnormal playing pattern with unknown children, with a decline on playing with the children of the same sex.

Key words： Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Separation event Intimate behavior Gender preference for playing

收稿日期: 2016-01-11

基金资助:国家基础科学人才培养基金(J1030831/J0108);卫生部行业专项基金(201302002)

通讯作者: 张嵘(zhangrong@bjmu.edu.cn)

引用本文:

梁文英, 安勇博, 丁瞳, 徐新杰, 吕玲, 魏青云, 李黎, 张嵘. 孤独症与正常儿童幼儿期亲子间分离事件和亲密行为与儿童玩耍方式的差异研究[J]. 中国生育健康杂志, 2016, 27(5): 408-411.
LIANG Wenying, AN Yongbo, DING Tong, XU Xinjie, LV Ling, WEI Qingyun, LI Li, ZHANG Rong. A study on the difference in childhood parental separation events, intimate parent-child relationship and playing pattern between autistic and normal children. Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health, 2016, 27(5): 408-411.

链接本文:

http://cjrh.bjmu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://cjrh.bjmu.edu.cn/CN/Y2016/V27/I5/408

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