1 Baird G,Simonoff E,Pickles A,et al.Prevalence of disorders of the autism spectrum in a population cohort of children in South Thames:the Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP).Lancet,2006,368:210-215. 2 Zhang X,Lv CC,Tian J,et al.Prenatal and Perinatal Risk Factors for Autism in China.J Autism Dev Disord,2010,40:1311-1321. 3 Jarbrink K,Knapp M.The economic impact of autism in Britain.Autism,2001,5:7-22. 4 Jarbrink K.The economic consequences of autistic spectrum disorder among children in a Swedish municipality.Autism,2007,11:453-463. 5 Autism and Developmental Digabilities Monitoring Network Surveiuamce Year 2008 Principcal Investig ators.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders-Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network,14 Sites,United States,2008.MMWR Sur-Veiuanle Summaries,SS03,2-19. 6 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders-Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network,14 sites,United States,2008.MMWRSurveill Summ,2012,61:1-19. 7 Kinney DK,Miller AM,Crowley DJ,et al.Autism prevalence following prenatal exposure to hurricanes and tropical storms in Louisiana.J Autism Dev Disord,2008,38:481-488. 8 Angelica Ronald,Craig E.Pennell and Andrew J.O.Whitehouse.Prenatal maternal stress associated with ADHD and autistic traits in early childhood.Psychology 19 January 2011. 9 Beversdorf DQ,Manning SE,Hillier A,et al.Timing of prenatal stressors and autism.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,2005,35:471-478. 10 Kinney DK,Miller AM,Crowley DJ,et al.Autism prevalence following prenatal exposure to hurricanes and tropical storms in Louisiana.J Autism Dev Disord,2008,38:481-488. 11 Liu D,Diorio J,Tannenbaum B,et al.Maternal care,hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors,and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to stress.Science,1997,277:1659-1662. 12 Oberlander TF,Weinberg J,Papsdorf M,et al.Prenatal exposure to maternal depression,neonatal methylation of human glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and infant cortisol stress responses.Epigenetics,2008,3:97-106. 13 Kinney DK ,Munir KM,Crowley DJ,et al.Prenatal Stress and Risk for Autism.Neurosci Biobehav Rev,2008,32:1519-1532. 14 Rai D,Golding J,Magnusson C,et al.Prenatal and Early Life Exposure to Stressful Life Events and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders:Population-Based Studies in Sweden and England.PLoS One,2012,7:e38893. 15 Jones KL,Smith RM,Edwards KS,et al.Beversdorf.Combined effect of maternal serotonin transporter genotype and prenatal stress in modulating offspring social interaction.Int J Dev Neurosci,2010,28:529-536. 16 Dammann O,Leviton A.Role of the fetus in perinatal infection and neonatal brain damage.Curr Opin Pediatr,2000,12:99-104. 17 Atladóttir HO,Thorsen P,stergaard L,et al.Maternal infection requiring hospitalization during pregnancy and autism spectrum disorders.J Autism Devel Dis,2010,40:1423-1430. 18 Benveniste EN.Cytokine actions in the central nervous system.Cytokine Growth Factor Rev,1998,9:259-275. 19 Mehler MF,Kessler JA.Hematolymphopoietic and inflammatory cytokines in neural development.Trends Neurosci,1997,20:357-365. 20 Patterson PH.Immune involvement in schizophrenia and autism:etiology,pathology and animal models.Behav Brain Res,2009,204:313-321. 21 Smith SE,Li J,Garbett K,et al.Maternal immune activation alters fetal brain development through interleukin-6.J Neurosci,2007,27:10695-10702. 22 Meyer U,Murray PJ,Urwyler A,et al.Adult behavioral and pharmacological dysfunctions following disruption of the fetal brain balance between proinflammatory and IL-10-mediated anti-inflammatory signaling.Mol Psychiatry,2008,13:208-221. 23 Bauer S,Kerr BJ,Patterson PH.Theneuropoietic cytokine family in development,plasticity,disease and injury.Nat Rev Neurosci,2007,8:221-232. 24 Chez MG,Dowling T,Patel PB,et al.Elevation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in cerebrospinal fluid of autistic children.Pediat Neurol,2007,36:361-365. 25 Ashwood P,Krakowiak P,Hertz-Picciotto I,et al.Elevated plasma cytokines in autism spectrum disorders provide evidence of immune dysfunction and are associated with impaired behavioral outcome.Brain Behav Immun,2011,25:40-45. 26 Deng MY,Lam S,Meyer U,et al.Frontal-Subcortical Protein Expression following Prenatal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation.PLoS One,2011,6:e16638. 27 Garbett KA,Hsiao EY,Kálmán S,et al.Effects of maternal immune activation on gene expression patterns in the fetal brain.Transl Psychiatry,2012,2:e98. 28 Schmidt RJ,Hansen RL,Hartiala J,et al.Prenatal vitamins,one-carbon metabolism gene variants,and risk for autism.Epidemiology,2011,22:476-85. 29 Cannell JJ.Autism and Vitamin-D.MedHypothesis,2008,70:750-759. 30 Eyles DW.Vitamin-D and autism:does skin colour modify risk? Acta Paediatr,2010,99:645-647. 31 Humble MB.Vitamin-D,light and mental health.JPhotochem Photobiol B,2010,101:142-149. 32 Meguid NA,Hashish AF,Anwar M,et al.Reduced serum levels of 25-dihydroxy Vitamin-D in Egyptian children with autism.J Altern Complement Med,2010,16:641-645. 33 Eyles DW,Feron F,Cui X,et al.Developmental vitamin-D deficiency causes abnormal brain development.Psychoneuro endocrinology,2009,34:S247-257. 34 Dusso AS,Brown AJ,Slatopolsky E.Vitamin-D.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol,2005,289:F8-F28. 35 Cannell JJ,Hollis BW.Use of vitamin-D in clinical practice.Altern Med Rev,2008,13:6-20. 36 Sakurai T,Ramoz N,Barreto M,et al.Slc25a12 disruption alters myelination and neurofilaments:a model for a hypomyelination syndrome and childhood neurodevelopmental disorders.Biol Psychiatry,2010,67:887-894. 37 Adams JB,Audhya T,McDonough-Means S,et al.Effect of a vitamin/mineral supplement on children and adults with autism.BMC Pediatrics,2011,11:111.