我国6～18岁儿童青少年各类营养不良与父母BMI、身高 关系探讨

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摘要目的分析儿童青少年各类营养不良与父母体重指数(BMI)、身高的关系。方法从1991—2011年8次“中国营养与健康调查”资料中选择6 950人次6～18岁儿童青少年及其父母作为研究对象,调查地点包括黑龙江、辽宁、山东、江苏、河南、湖南、湖北、广西和贵州9个省(自治区),进行8次追踪调查。调查内容包括社区调查、住户调查、膳食调查、体格测量、医学体检。对儿童青少年的生长迟缓、消瘦、营养不良和肥胖与其父母的BMI、身高的关系进行分析。结果 1991—2011年,儿童青少年生长迟缓率、消瘦率、营养不良率呈下降趋势。儿童青少年肥胖,父母超重、肥胖和身高总体呈上升趋势。广义线性模型显示,儿童青少年生长迟缓与母亲、父亲的身高及母亲的BMI有关, 儿童青少年消瘦与父母BMI有关,儿童青少年营养不良与父母身高、BMI有关;儿童青少年肥胖与父亲身高有关,儿童青少年肥胖与父母超重、肥胖有关。时间延迟效应模型显示,相比母亲身高＜150 cm,母亲身高≥165 cm的儿童青少年生长迟缓 (RR=0.2,95% CI :0.0～1.0)和营养不良(RR=0.4,95% CI:0.2～0.8)的发生风险低;相对正常体重者,父亲低体重的儿童青少年消瘦(RR=2.5,95% CI:1.5～4.3)和营养不良发生风险高(RR=2.5 ,95% CI:1.5～4.3),父亲超重、肥胖的儿童青少年消瘦发生风险低(RR=0.5,95% CI:0.3～0.8;RR=0.1,95% CI:0.0～0.5)、儿童青少年肥胖发生风险高(RR=2.6,95% CI:1.3～5.0;RR=4.3,95% CI:1.8～10.3);相对正常体重者,母亲低体重的儿童青少年消瘦发生风险高(RR=1.9,95% CI:1.1～3.1),母亲超重、肥胖的儿童青少年消瘦发生风险低(RR=0.6,95% CI:0.4～1.0;RR=0.7,95% CI:0.3～1.5)、儿童青少年肥胖的发生风险高(RR=2.0,95% CI:1.0～3.9;RR=6.4,95% CI:2.8～15.0)。结论儿童青少年各种营养不良与父母的身高、BMI存在一定的关系,合理的家庭营养干预有利于改善整个人群的营养状况。

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关键词 ：儿童青少年, 营养不良, 父母, 体重指数

Abstract：Objective To assess the relationship between parents’ body mass index (BMI) and height and the risk of malnutrition in children and adolescents.Methods This study was conducted based on data from the "Chinese Nutrition and health survey", involving totally 6 950 follow-up visits of children and adolescents aged 6-18 years from Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, and Guizhou between 1991 and 2011. The relationship between parents’ BMI and height and the risk of stunting, wasting, underweight, and obesity in children and adolescents were examined by using generalized linear models.Results The rate of stunting, wasting, and underweight in children and adolescents decreased from 1991 to 2011, whereas the rate of obesity in children and adolescents, the rate of overweight and obesity of the parents, and the mean height of the parents increased over the study period. Generalized linear models showed that parents’ height and mother's BMI were associated with the rate of stunting in children and adolescents, parents’ BMI was associated with wasting in children and adolescents, parents’ height and BMI were associated with underweight in children and adolescents, father’s height and parents’ overweight and obesity status were associated with obesity in children and adolescents. The Transition model further showed that compared to children and adolescents born to mothers with height <150 cm, those to mothers height with height ≥165 cm were less likely to be stunting (RR=0.2, 95% CI:0.0～1.0) and underweight (RR=0.4, 95% CI:0.2～0.8). Compared to children and adolescents whose father had normal weight, those whose father was underweight were more likely to be wasting (RR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.5-4.3) and underweight (RR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.5-4.3), and those whose father were overweight or obesity were less likely to be wasting (RR=0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.8; RR=0.1, 95% CI: 0.0-0.5) but more likely to be obesity (RR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.3-5.0; RR=4.3, 95% CI: 1.8-10.3). Compared to children and adolescents born to mothers with a normal weight, those to mothers with underweight were more likely to be wasting (RR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.1-3.1), and those to mothers with overweight or obesity were less likely to be wasting (RR=0.6, 95% CI: 0.4-1.0; RR=0.7, 95% CI: 0.3-1.5) but more likely to be obesity (RR=2.0, 95% CI: 1.0-3.9; RR=6.4, 95% CI: 2.8-15.0).Conclusion Parents’ height and BMI are closely associated with malnutrition in children, suggesting that reasonable family nutrition intervention may be beneficial for the improvement of the population nutritional status.

Key words： Children and adolescents Malnutrition Parents BMI

收稿日期: 2017-03-07

通讯作者: 赵文华(zhaowh@chinacdc.cn)

引用本文:

陈玉柱,唐振柱,黄兆勇,周为文,李晓鹏,赵文华. 我国6～18岁儿童青少年各类营养不良与父母BMI、身高关系探讨[J]. 中国生育健康杂志, 2017, 28(6): 514-519.
CHEN Yuzhu,TANG Zhenzhu, HUANG Zhaoyong, ZHOU Weiwen, LI Xiaopeng, ZHAO Wenhua. The relationship between parents’ body mass index and height and the risk of malnutrition in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years old in China. Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health, 2017, 28(6): 514-519.

链接本文:

http://cjrh.bjmu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://cjrh.bjmu.edu.cn/CN/Y2017/V28/I6/514

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