Abstract：Objective To explore the relationship between body composition and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among women at second trimester. Methods This case-control study involved pregnant women who were examined in a Maternal and child health care hospital in Beijing from April 2018 to April 2019. A oral glucose tolerance test was conducted at 24-28 weeks of gestation to determine GDM or not. Meanwhile, the body composition of pregnant women was measured by body composition analyzer. Finally, 124 pregnant women diagnosed as GDM were selected into the case group and 130 pregnant women without GDM into the control group. Independent sample t-test and logistic regression analysis were used to explore the possible related factors of GDM in the second trimester. Results The percentage of body fat in the case group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the percentage of intracellular and extracellular water and inorganic salt were lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The percentage of body fat was the risk factor of GDM in the second trimester of pregnancy(OR=1.1, 95% CI=1.1~1.2), while the percentages of fat free mass, muscle mass, inorganic, protein, extracellular water, intracellular water (OR=0.9, 95%CI=0.8~0.9; OR=0.9, 95%CI=0.8~0.9; OR=0.2, 95%CI=0.1~0.4; OR=0.5, 95%CI=0.4~0.7; OR=0.7, 95%CI=0.6~0.8; OR=0.8, 95%CI=0.7~0.9), were protective factors. Conclusion The high percentage of body fat is a risk factor of GDM in the second trimester of pregnancy, which provides a theoretical basis for body composition as an indicator of GDM intervention. During pregnancy, there is a need to reasonably control body weight and reduce excessive accumulation of body fat in order to prevent the occurrence of GDM.
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